Title of Thesis

Low Cost Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Author(s)

Zulfiqar Ahmad Bhatti

Abstract
The present study on low-cost treatment of combined municipal wastewater (MWW) H2O2 was found very effective to reduce COD, turbidity and microbial load.An addition step was merged into H2O2 was ultra violet (UV) light to speed up the reaction.The proposed system was consists of two major step where first sediments was settled down with alum and decant from first step was used to treat with H2O2 and UV in the same tank.This proposed system was effective (p < 0.05) to treat domestic wastewater but carwash and food industry wastewater may require other treatment steps need to be added.The combination of H2O2 with UV light was found very effective (p < 0.05) to decrease BOD, COD, and turbidity and coliform bacteria in MWW.Waste H2O2 generated from an industrial process of disinfection was found more effective in the treatment of domestic wastewater than fresh 35% H2O2.The waste H2O2 can be applied in combinations with UV light to treat domestic wastewater effectively.
The UASB reactor was used to treat mixed MWW at hydraulic retention time 24-48 hrs and at an average temperature 25-34ºC.The aim was to test two stage treatment concept for low cost MWW treatment as UAB in first stage and waste H2O2 40% 2 ml L-1 of UASB effluent at second stage.Moreover, the effect of micronutrients on the treatability of UAB was also investigated.After start up with glucose for first 15 days (first stage), the reactor was fed with macro and micronutrients synthetic nutrients influent (SNI) for 45 days (second stage).The maximum substrate removal rate was same 0.07 d-1 for both glucose and SNI.Removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS), COD, total nitrogen (TN), ortho phosphorus (Ortho-P) and Turbidity as 73%, 99%, 84%, 19% and 67%, respectively. Waste H2O2 was found successful in NH4 + removal during post treatment where 80% nitrogen was removed.Low cost integrated treatment using UASB and H2O2 was found an excellent novel treatment choice for mixed MWW in developing countries.Anaerobic treatment in combination with post treatment of advanced oxidation process was employed to test the treatability of integrated process for confectionary wastewater mixed with MWW.Reactor was inoculated with 10 year old septic tank sludge and started up with glucose, macro and micro nutrients.The system was operated at 25-30ºC, hydraulic retention time (HRT) 48 hrs for 25 days with post treatment with 40% waste H2O2.This waste H2O2 was collected from industrial process after disinfection of packaging material.Reactor performance was evaluated by pre and post treatment analysis for COD, TSS, TDS, and turbidity and their removal efficiencies were up to 98.6%, 91%, 50% and 81%, respectively. Reactor achieved its full efficiency after feeding diluted wastewater at the value of 1/5, 1/3, 1/2 and 1/0 for 5 – 7 days each. Reactor achieved full efficiency in 25 days removing 98% COD from mixed wastewater.A batch peroxide treatment process was also added to reduce the turbidity and to increase the dissolved oxygen (DO) of treated effluent.The strategy was found quite applicable for the treatment of combined industrial and municipal effluents.

1

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Low Cost Treatment Option For Pakistan
1.3 Pre-treatment
1.4 Secondary Treatment
1.5 Up-flow Anaerobic Treatment Reactor
1.6 Other Municipal Wastewater Treatment Options
1.7 Tertiary Treatment
1.8 Aims Of This Study

2.1 Characteristics Of Municipal Wastewater/domestic Wastewater
2.2 Newly Identified Toxicants In Treated Domestic Wastewater
2.3 Treatment Options
2.4 Colloidal Chemistry Of Wastewater
2.5 Coagulation In Water Treatment
2.6 Chemically Primary Treatment Of Wastewater
2.7 Oily Wastewater Treatment With Coagulation/flocculation
2.8 Use Of Cept Sludge As Adsorbent
2.9 Effect Of Polymeric Flocculent Produced From Plastic Waste
2.10 Combine Chemical And Biological Low Cost Treatment Systems
2.11 Advance Oxidation Processes In Municipal Wastewater Treatment
2.12 Sludge Digestion With H2o2
2.13 Anaerobic Treatment Of Municipal Wastewater Treatment
2.14 Conclusions

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials And Methods
3.3 Results And Discussions
3.4 Economic Aspects
3.5 Conclusions

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials And Methods
4.3 Results And Discussion
4.4 Conclusions

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials And Methods
5.3 Results And Discussions
5.4 Conclusions

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Material And Methods
6.3 Results And Discussions
6.4 Conclusions

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Objectives
7.3 Materials And Methods
7.4 Results And Discussions
7.5 Economic Aspects
7.6 Conclusions

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials And Methods
8.3 Results And Discussion
8.4 Conclusions

9

9.1 Major Findings
9.2 Future Recommendations