Keywords (Extracted from title, table of contents and
abstract of thesis)
Placebo, Investigate, Cholesterol, Effects, Nigella, Sativa,
Metabolism, Lipid, Observed, Diabetic, Patients |
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Abstract
The basic aim of
this placebo control study was to investigate the effects of three
different preparations of Nigella sativa especially on glucose and
lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients
(group-A); however normal individuals (group- B) was also studied.
Both groups were treated with N. sativa Seed Powder (NsP), N. sativa
Aqueous Extract (NsE) and N. sativa Oil (NsO), in addition to a
placebo in phases 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Each phase was of 80 days
(40 days of treatment with N. sativa preparation followed by 40 days
of placebo administration). Levels of 0 day were taken as base line
(concurrent control) in each phase. Fasting blood levels of glucose,
insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL & HDL cholesterols,
triglycerides (TG), total leukocyte & platelet counts, hepatic
profile and blood urea were determined in subjects of both groups on
0, 40 and 80th day of each phase of the study. In phase-1 a highly
significant fall in fasting blood glucose, TC, LDL cholesterol and
TG while an increase in insulin and HDL was observed in group-A
after treatment with NsP as compared to concurrent control. These
levels significantly reversed at the end of placebo except the HDL
cholesterol. Almost similar results were obtained in subjects of
group-B. In phase-2 although a decrease in glucose and increase in
insulin levels was observed in group-A after treatment with NsE;
which reversed after the placebo yet the changes were not
significant. However a significant fall was observed in TC and TG
levels of diabetics after NsE treatment; which reversed after the
placebo significantly in TG but insignificantly in TC. In group B,
results regarding glucose and insulin levels were similar to that of
group-A of this phase. Concerning lipid profile, a significant fall
in TG and insignificant decrease in TC and LDL cholesterol was
observed after NsE treatment. The changes reversed after the
placebo, significantly in TG and LDL cholesterol but insignificantly
in TC. In phase-3, a significant fall in fasting blood glucose and a
rise in insulin levels was observed in group-A after treatment with
NsO as compared to concurrent control levels. A significant decrease
in LDL & increase in HDL was observed while TC remained
statistically unchanged; however a significant increase was also
recorded in TG after NsO treatment. LDL and TG levels reversed
significantly, while no significant change was observed in HDL and
TC levels after the placebo. Subjects of group-B behaved similar to
group-A, as for glucose and insulin are concerned. Regarding lipids,
a decrease in LDL cholesterol (significant) and TC (insignificant)
while increase in HDL cholesterol and TG (insignificant) was
observed in group-B after the use of NsO. LDL and TC increased
significantly after the placebo while no significant change was
recorded in HDL cholesterol and TG. Total leukocyte and platelet
counts remained statistically unchanged in both groups A and B, when
treated with NsP, NsE, NsO or administered with placeboes in phases
1, 2 and 3 respectively as compared to their base line levels
Similarly no unpleasant effect of any of the N. sativa preparation
was observed regarding hepatic profile, blood urea and the
subjective feelings of the diabetic and normal individuals. In the
light of foregoing facts it can safely be concluded that all
preparations of N. sativa had some or more antidiabetic effect.
However keeping in view the overall performance, NsP was found more
effective. Further large scale human studies with different dose
schedules of NsP are recommended.
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