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Title of Thesis
Development and Validation of Module in English
at Secondary Level in Pakistan |
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Author(s)
GHULAM BEHLOL |
Institute/University/Department
Details
Department Of Education, Faculty Of Social
Sciences / International Islamic University, Islamabad |
Session
2010 |
Subject
Education |
Number of Pages
271 |
Keywords (Extracted from title, table of contents and
abstract of thesis)
Development, Validation, Module, English, Secondary, Level, Pakistan,
Learning, Activities, High Achievers, Classroom |
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Abstract
The study was
conducted to “Develop and Validate Module in English at Secondary
level in Pakistan”. Therefore, the researcher developed a Module
consisting of six units on the first five lessons of the textbook of
9th class. The components of this module were Title, Introduction,
Pre-requisite knowledge, Method of study, General objectives,
Specific Objectives, Content (Input), Learning activities, Pre-test,
Post-test and Feedback.
The contents of the module were taken from the first five lessons of
the English textbook of class IX. The basic language skills were
focused for designing the activities and self-assessment tests of
the units. “Introduction" was given at the start of each unit of the
module to motivate and brief the students about the task they had to
do. General objectives were given at the start of a module and
specific objectives were placed at the beginning of each unit of the
module. The main objectives of the study were: (a) To develop a
sample module from the textbook of English for the 9th class. (b) To
validate a module determining their effectiveness by teaching in the
classroom. (c) To validate module determining their effectiveness
from the performance of low and high achievers in the classroom.
The module was validated by conducting lessons in the classroom with
its help.
Therefore, the Pre-test Posttest were used as the instruments of the
study. The Pre-test was used to find out the competencies of the
students to deal with the material presented in the module. The
validation of the module was checked by administering the same
pretest as a post-test to the subjects of both experimental and
control groups by changing the arrangement of the items on the
pattern of “Even Odd Numbers”. The module consisting of six units
were taught in 14 weeks and it consumed 80 hours of the students for
solving the activities given at the end of the module. The students
of secondary classes studying in Government public secondary schools
were the population of study. The control group as well as the
experimental group was of equal size, each having 30 students of 9th
class. The scores of pre-test and post-test were the data of study.
The significance of difference between the scores of groups at 0.05
levels was tested by applying t-test and analysis of variance.
The study proved that the material designed as a module promoted
independent learning habits in the learner, provided opportunity to
proceed at his own pace, ensured active participation, useful for
slow as well as of bright students, enabled the students to
comprehend difficult concepts, and kept them on the track. For this
purpose, it was recommended that the policy makers should take steps
for the development and validation of modules at secondary school
level and the teacher training institutions should take steps for
the training of the teachers for the development and validation of
modules in different subjects. Textbook board may arrange workshops
for writing of the books on modular pattern and the school libraries
should be enriched with the books on the topics of development and
validation of modules. The subject specialists and senior teachers
should be trained to revise and update the modules in the light of
modern researches on continuous basis. In spite of the fact that the
material developed as a module under this study proved valid as a
result of better performance of the students in the experimental
group. However, there is also need of further studies on this topic
by controlling some other variables such as attitude of the
students, level of intelligence, timing of work that may influence
the performance of the students.
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