I= STUDIES IN THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF PLUCHEA WALLICHIANA AND SORBUS CASHMIRIANA
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Title of Thesis
STUDIES IN THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF PLUCHEA WALLICHIANA AND SORBUS CASHMIRIANA

Author(s)
SYED MEHDI HASSAN KAZMI
Institute/University/Department Details
Department of Applied Chemistry/ University of Karachi
Session
2007
Subject
Applied Chemistry
Number of Pages
176
Keywords (Extracted from title, table of contents and abstract of thesis)
pluchea wallichiana, sorbus cashmiriana, medicinal plants, compositae, genus sorbus, terpenoids, squalene, resoceae

Abstract
God has gifted Pakistan with enormous varieties of medicinal plants. Out of these only 20% have so far been evaluated for their therapeutic potentials. Therefore, there is a need of coordinated and well-organized efforts in the area of chemistry of indigenous medicinal plants. The present Ph.D theses deals with the studies on two indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan namely €œPluchea wallichiana€ and €œSorbus cashmiriana€ The thesis is therefore, presented in the following two parts:

PART-AStudies in the chemical constituents of Pluchea wallichiana PART-BStudies in the chemical constituents of Sorbus cashmiriana

PART-A Pluchea wallichiana belongs to the family Compositae (Asteraceae). A genus of shrub or under shrubs, rarely herbs distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Pluchea walichiana is traditionally used in phytomedicine as, anti-oxidative, antihepatitis, antiulcerogenic, unfilorotic, inflammatory and has antipyretic properties. The leaves are commonly used for wound sores, skin diseases etc. Compounds isolated for the first time from Pluchea wallichiana are described below. Compound isolated for the first time from Pluchea wallichiana 1.P -Amyrin(65) 2 P -Amyrin acetate (66) 3(+) €“ Syringaresinol (67) 4ent-Pimara- 8 (14), 15-dien-19-oic acid (68) 5 Pluviatilol (69) 6. P -Sitosterol (70) 7.P -Sitosterol 3-0- p -D €“ glucopyranoside (71) 8.Apigenin 7-0- p -D-glucoside (72) 9.2-Hydroxy benzoic acid (73) 10 Benzoic acid (74) 114-Hydroxy benzoic acid (75) 12 Ethyl gallate (76) 13 Taraxasterol (77) 14 Taraxasterol acetate (78) 15 Lupeol (79) 16 Lupeol acetate (80) 1716a -hydroxy-ent-Kauran-19-oic acid.(81) 18 15, 16-Hydroxypimer-8 (14)-en-19-oic acid (82)

PART-B Sorbus cashmiriana Hedlund, Monog is a tree of two seasons, one in the spring with the lovely pink-tinted flowers and one in the autumn when the leaves are gone and glorious white fruits shine out. It is distributed in Kashmir and the western Himalayas. There are about one hundred species under the genus Sorbus and seven are a native to the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent. A tea made from its bark is used to treat nausea and to cleanse the blood. A bark preparation is also used against heart diseases. The berries are rich in vitamin C and used to cure scurvy. The ethnopharmacological and chemotaxonomic importance of the genus Sorbus led us to investigate the chemical constituents of S. cashmiriana. New Compounds isolated from Sorbus cashmiriana€€€.
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S. No. Chapter Title of the Chapters Page Size (KB)
1 0 Contents
1875.97 KB
2 1 Natural Products 1
671.65 KB
  1.1 Development Of Medicines From Natural Products 2
  1.2 Structure Determination Of Natural Products 2
  1.3 Medicinal Uses Of Natural Products 3
3 2 Part A: Studies In The Chemical Constituents Of Pluchea Wallinchiana : Introduction 5
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  2.1 Family Composite 5
  2.2 Genus Pluchea 5
  2.3 Pluchea Wallichiana 6
  2.4 Pharmacological Importance Of Genus Pluchea 7
  2.5 Literature Survey Of Genus Pluchea 8
4 3 Biosynthesis 36
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  3.1 Terpenoids 37
  3.2 Biosynthesis Of Mono And Triterpenoids 39
  3.3 Cyclization Of Squalene 45
  3.4 Oxidative Cyclization Of Squalene 46
  3.5 Cyc1ization Of Squalene Epoxide In Chair-Chair-Chair-Boat Sequence 46
  3.6 Skeletal Modificaiton In Fj €“ Amyrin 50
  3.7 Lupane And Hopane Series 51
  3.8 Non-Oxidative Cyclization Of Squalene . 53
  3.9 Cyc1ization At Both Ends Of Squalence 54
  3.10 Alternate Deoxylulose Phosphate Pathway In The Biosynthesis Of Terpenoids 55
5 4 Biosynthesis Of Steroids 60
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  5 Part €œA€ Results And Discussion 66
  5.1 B- Amyrin (65) 67
  5.2 B - Amyrin Acetate (66) 68
  5.3 (+) €“ Syringaresinol (67) 69
  5.4 Ent-Pimara-8 (14), 15-Dien-19-Oic Acid (68) 70
  5.5 Pluviatilol (69) 71
  5.6 B - Sitosterol (70) 72
  5.7 B - Sitosterol 3-0- B -D - Glucopyranoside (71) 74
  5.8 Apigenin 7-0- B -D- Glucoside (72) 76
  5.9 2-Hydroxy Benzoic Acid (73) 78
  5.10 Benzoic Acid (74) 79
  5.11 4-Hydroxy Benzoic Acid (75) 80
  5.12 Ethyl Gallate (76) 81
  5.13 Taraxasterol (77) 82
  5.14 Taraxasterol Acetate (78) 83
  5.15 Lupeol (79) 85
  5.17 16a -Hydroxy- Ent- Kauran-19-Oic Acid (81) 87
  5.18 15, 16-Dihydroxypimer-8 (L4)- Ene- 19-Oic Acid (82) 88
6 6 Part €œ A € Experimental 89
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  6.1 General Experimental 89
  6.2 Plant Material 91
  6.3 Extraction And Isolation 91
  6.4 B- Amyrin (65) 95
  6.5 B - Amyrln Acetate ( 66) 96
  6.6 (+) - Syringaresinol (67) 97
  6.7 Ent-Pimara-8 (14), 15-Dien-19-Oic Acid (68) 98
  6.8 Pluviatilol (69) 99
  6.9 B - Sitosterol (70) 100
  6.10 B - Sitosterol 3-0- B -D - Glucopyranoside (71) 101
  6.11 Apigenin 7-0- B -D- Glucoside (72) 102
  6.12 2-Hydroxy Benzoic Acid (73) 103
  6.13 Benzoic Acid (74) 104
  6.14 4-Hydroxy Benzoic Acid (75) 105
  6.15 Ethyl Gallate (76) 106
  6.16 Taraxasterol (77) 107
  6.17 Taraxasterol Acetate (78) 108
  6.18 Lupeol (79) 109
  6.19 Lupeol Acetate (80) 110
  6.20 16 A -Hydroxy- Ent- Kauran-19-Oic Acid (81) 111
  6.21 15, 16-Dihydroxypimer- 8 ( 14 ) -Ene-19-Oic Acid (82) 112
7 7 Part B: Studies In The Chemical Contituents Of Sorbus Cashmiriana : Introduction 113
961 KB
  7.1 Family Resoceae 113
  7.2 Genus Sorbus 113
  7.3 Sorbus Cashmiriana 113
  7.4 Pharmacological Importance Of Genus Sorbus 114
  7.5 Literature Survey Of Sorbus Cashmiriana 114
8 8 Part "B" Results And Discussion 119
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  8.1 Cashmirols A (83) 120
  8.2 Cashmirol B (84) 128
  8.3 Sorbinol A (85) 134
  8.4 Sorbinol B (86) 141
  8.5 Ursolic Acid (87) 147
  8.6 Stigmasterol (88) 148
  8.7 Myricadiol (89) 149
  8.8 Taraxerol (90) 150
  8.9 5 A , 8 A - Epidioxyergosta - 6, 22- Diene-3 B -01 (91) 151
  8.10 3 B , 5 A -Dihydroxy-6 B - Methoxy Ergosta-7, 22- Diene . (92) 152
  8.11 Betulonic Acid (93) 153
  8.12 Betulinic Acid (94) 154
  8.13 B - Sitosteryl Acetate (95) 155
  8.14 5 A , 8 A Epidiox Ergosta-6, 9 (11), 22-Trien-3 B -01 (96) 156
  8.15 Stigmasterol 3-0- B -D- Glycopyranoside (97) 157
9 9 Part €œC€ Experimental 158
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  9.1 Plant Material 158
  9.2 Extraction And Isolation 1 58
  9.3 Cashmirol A (83) 161
  9.4 Cashmirol B (84) 162
  9.5 Sorbinol A ( 85) 163
  9.6 Sorbinol (B ) ( 86) 164
  9.7 Ursolic Acid ( 87) 165
  9.8 Stigmasterol (88) 166
  9.9 Myricadiol (89) 167
  9.10 Taraxerol (90) 168
  9.11 5 A , 8 A -Epidioxyergosta-6,22-Diene-3 J3 -01 (91) 169
  9.12 3 B, 5 A - Dihydroxy - 6/B - Methoxy Ergosta-7, 22-Diene. (92) 170 9.13 Betulonic Acid (93) 171
  9.14 Betulinic Acid (94) 172
  9.15 B- Sitostery Acetate (95) 173
  9.16 5 A , 8 A Epidiox Ergosta-6,9 (11), 22-Trien- 3b-01 (96) 174
  9.17 Stigmasterol 3-0- B - D- Glycopyranoside (97) 175
10 10 References 176
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