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| Pakistan Research Repository | Home |
Title of Thesis |
| Author(s) Saira Shahzadi |
| Institute/University/Department Details Department of Chemistry/ Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad |
| Session 2006 |
| Subject Inorganic Chemistry |
| Number of Pages 306 |
| Keywords (Extracted from title, table of contents and abstract of thesis) organotin (iv), oxygen donor ligands, sulfur donor ligands, monoorganotin, diorganotin dithiolates, triorganotin dithiolates |
Abstract In Part A, various di- and triorganotin(IV) compounds have been synthesized by reactions of R2SnCl2, R2SnO and R3SnCl with a stoichiometric amount of synthesized carboxylic acid. The structural assignments were made on the basis of spectral techniques such as FT-IR, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR and mass spectrometry, which ascertain the tetrahedral environment around the tin atom in solution while penta or hexa coordination is found in the solid state. In Part B, various di-, tri- and chlorodiorganotin(IV) thiocarboxylates have been synthesized by the reaction of di- and triorganotin(IV) chlorides with thiocarboxylic acid in stoichiometric amount in dry toluene under reflux conditions. The bonding behaviour of donor groups and structural assignments of the synthesized compounds were studied by using different analytical techniques such as FT-IR, 1H, 13C, NMR, mass spectrometry and X-ray single crystal analysis. It is concluded that diorganotin(IV) thiocarboxylates show a distorted octahedral structure except in compound (73), which shows a distorted tetrahedral structure. Triorganotin(IV) and chlorodiorganotin(IV) thiocarboxylates show the distorted trigonal bipyramidal structure. Biological activity tests of the synthesized carboxylates and thiocarboxylates were made against various medically important bacteria, fungi, insects and leishmania. Most of the compounds were found to show activity with a few exceptions. These compounds were also evaluated for their cytotoxicity using the brine-shrimp lethality bioassay method. Only few of the compounds were found to be nontoxic. |
| Download Full Thesis |  4790.44 KB |
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| S. No. | Chapter | Title of the Chapters | Page | Size (KB) |
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| 1 | 0 | Contents | 440.04 KB |
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| 2 | 1 | Introduction | 856.82 KB |
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| 1.1 | Tin-The Element | 1 | ||
| 1.1 | Tin( II) Chemistry | 10 | ||
| 1.3 | Tin( IV) Chemistry | 10 | ||
| 1.4 | Principle Coordination Geometries At The Tin Centre In Organotin Compounds | 14 | ||
| 1.5 | Organotin Review | 15 | ||
| 1.6 | Organotin Carboxylates | 16 | ||
| 1.7 | Preparation Of Dithiocarbamates | 23 | ||
| 1.8 | Structural Chemistry Of Tin-1, 1-Dithiolate Complexes | 28 | ||
| 1.9 | Monoorganotin | 30 | ||
| 1.10 | Diorganotin Dithiolates | 31 | ||
| 1.11 | Triorganotin Dithiolates | 33 | ||
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| 3 | 2 | Applications | 40-49 | 289.46 KB |
| 2.1 | Non-Biological Applications | 40 | ||
| 2.2 | Biological Applications | 42 | ||
| 2.3 | Pharmaceutical Applications | 43 | ||
| 2.4 | Non-Biological Applications | 44 | ||
| 2.5 | Biological Applications | 45 | ||
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| 4 | 3 | Physical Methods For Characterization Of Compounds | 50-61 | 308.58 KB |
| 3.1 | Infrared Spectroscopy | 50 | ||
| 3.2 | Nmr Spectroscopy | 52 | ||
| 3.3 | 1 hnmr Spectroscopy | 52 | ||
| 3.4 | 13 c Nmr Spectroscopy | 53 | ||
| 3.5 | 119 sn Nmr Spectroscopy | 54 | ||
| 3.6 | Mass Spectrometry | 56 | ||
| 3.7 | X-Ray Crystallography | 58 | ||
| 3.8 | Crystal Structure Determination | 58 | ||
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| 5 | 4 | Experimental | 62-92 | 599.78 KB |
| 4.1 | Materials And Instrumentation | 62 | ||
| 4.2 | General Procedure For The Synthesis Of Carboxylic Acids | 63 | ||
| 4.3 | General Procedure For The Synthesis Of Organotin( Iv) Complexes | 68 | ||
| 4.4 | General Procedure For The Synthesis Of Thiocarboxylic Acids | 85 | ||
| 4.5 | General Procedure For The Synthesis Of Organotin( Iv) Thiocarboxylates | 85 | ||
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| 6 | 5 | Results And Discussion | 93-272 | 2600.58 KB |
| 5.1 | Infrared Spectroscopy | 93 | ||
| 5.2 | Mass Spectrometry | 101 | ||
| 5.3 | Nmr Spectroscopy | 123 | ||
| 5.4 | Biological Activity | 161 | ||
| 5.5 | Infrared Spectroscopy | 237 | ||
| 5.6 | Mass Spectrometry | 240 | ||
| 5.7 | Nmr Spectroscopy | 247 | ||
| 5.8 | Biological Activity | 255 | ||
| 5.9 | X-Ray Crystallography | 271-300 | ||
| 5.10 | X-Ray Structure Of Hl 5 | 271 | ||
| 5.11 | X-Ray Structure Of Compound (66) | 276 | ||
| 5.12 | X-Ray Structure Of Compound (67) | 280 | ||
| 5.13 | X-Ray Structure Of Compound (68) | 284 | ||
| 5.14 | X-Ray Structure Of Compound (72) | 288 | ||
| 5.15 | X-Ray Structure Of Compound (73) | 292 | ||
| 5.15 | X-Ray Structure Of Compound (77) | 296 | ||
| 5.16 | References | 300 | ||
| 5.17 | Conclusions | 301-302 | ||
| 5.18 | List Of Publications | 303-306 | ||
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