I= PALEOLITHIC CULTURES OF POTWAR WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LOWER PALEOLITHIC
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Title of Thesis
PALEOLITHIC CULTURES OF POTWAR WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LOWER PALEOLITHIC
Author(s)
Mohammad Salim
Institute/University/Department Details
Department of Archaeology/ Shah Abdul Latif University of Khairpur
Session
1994
Subject
Archaeology
Number of Pages
287
Keywords (Extracted from title, table of contents and abstract of thesis)
paleolithic cultures, potwar, fora, fauna, hominids, pleistocene deposits, typological studies, artifacts

Abstract
This thesis is based on fresh potwar material collection in 1992-1993 and analyzed against the old collections and their classifications by previous prehistorians. General features of potwar including river system and quaternary sediments are discussed as a background of palaeolithic cultures, which are summarized and critically evaluated in chapter 2. Site stratigraphy and palaeolithic environment follows and is supported by geological cross sections and photographs of Pleistocene and tool bearing deposits. Chapter 4 is entirely devoted to rigorous typological studies of lower palaeolithic collections form 13 sites. Based on physical characteristics, shape and function, a new type list is proposed, and different measurements aretak3en form artifacts-tool analyses. Finally the present work is compared with that of de terra and Paterson’s questioning the validity of pre-Soan artifacts, which can now be classified as acheulian. Then Cambridge Archaeological Mission’s 2 million year isolated find form an upper Siwalik Conglomerate is evaluated against the 1993 discovery of pebble and flake tools from underlying pinjor formation, and at present are the earliest in Pakistan
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2366.49 KB
S. No. Chapter Title of the Chapters Page Size (KB)
1 0 Contents
138.14 KB
2 1 Potwar : Present And Past Environment 1
294.87 KB
  1.1 Potwar 1
  1.2 Potwar Plateau 4
  1.3 River System 5
  1.4 Natural Resources 18
  1.5 Environment 19
  1.6 Flora, Fauna 21
  1.7 Geology 22
  1.8 Siwalik And Ice Age 26
  1.9 Old Fora , Fauna And Hominids 30
3 2 The Palaeolithic Cultures Of Potwar 34
386.69 KB
  2.1 History Of Palaeolithic Research In Pakistan And Its Re-Appraisal 34
  2.2 Introduction 47
  2.3 What Is Palaeolithic Age In Potwar ? 47
  2.4 What Is Lower Palaeolithic ? 49
  2.5 The Palaeolithic Sequence Of Potwar 50
  2.6 Middle Palaeolithic 64
  2.7 Late Palaeolithic 72
  2.8 Mesolithic 73
  2.9 Chronology Of The Palaeolithic 76
  2.10 Summary Of The Palaeolithic Sequence In Potwar 79
4 3 Palaeolithic And Geological Studies 81
135.88 KB
  3.1 Introduction 81
  3.2 Stractigraphy And Locations Of The Lower Palaeolithic Sites In Soan Valley 84
  3.3 Special Investigations Of Pleistocene Deposits In The Soan Valley 92
  3.4 Pollen Studies 97
5 4 Typological Studies Of Lower Palaeolithic Artifacts 100
400.04 KB
  4.1 Introduction 100
  4.2 Previous Typology 101
  4.3 Palaeolithic Collection 1992-1993 104
  4.4 State Of Preservation 105
  4.5 Typology 110
  4.6 Attributes And Technology 124
  4.7 Summary Of Typological Studies 142
  4.8 Description Of Tools And Artifacts 149
6 5 Artifacts Form Pinjor Silts And Sands 166
36.24 KB
  5.1 Introduction 166
  5.2 Site Ps-55 167
  5.3 Site Ps-55 Fatima Villa 168
  5.4 Site Ps-57 Opposite Fatima Villa 168
  5.5 Stone Artifacts 169
7 6 Conclusion 171
103.7 KB
  6.1 Introduction 171
  6.2 De Terra’s And Paterson’s Work 171
  6.3 Pre- Soan Oldest Artifacts 172
  6.4 Abbevillian , Acheulian 173
  6.5 Early Soan 175
  6.6 Earliest Tools Form Pinjor Formation 175
  6.7 Paterson’s And Drummond’s Work 176
  6.8 Middle Stellenbosch 177
  6.9 British Archaeological Mission 177
  6.10 Handaxe Collection 178
  6.11 Riwat Section 2m.Y. Site 178
  6.12 Lower Palaeolithic Of Potwar , Africa And Asia 179
  6.13 Conclusion 183
8 7 Appendices 185-201
1211.56 KB
  7.1 References 209